Mating Opportunities inSangalopsis veliternaFemales: Costs and Benefits

Mating Opportunities in Sangalopsis veliterna Females: Costs and Benefits

In nature, females of several animal taxa exhibit considerable variation in their mating system, and this variation involves different balances of costs (e.g., energetic, reproductive) and benefits (e.g., increased net reproductive rate of the female, increased longevity). Many studies have focused on discovering the potential advantages and disadvantages that females could have when increasing...

Clinical Governance: Costs and Benefits

Direct costs and benefits of multiple mating: Are high female mating rates due to ejaculate replenishment?

Females often mate more than is necessary to ensure reproductive success even when they incur significant costs from doing so. Direct benefits are hypothesized to be the driving force of high female mating rates, yet species in which females only receive an ejaculate from their mate still realize increased fitness from multiple mating. Using the Texas field cricket, Gryllus texensis, we experim...

clinical governance: costs and benefits

The costs and benefits of multiple mating in a mostly monandrous wasp

The taxonomically widespread nature of polyandry remains a puzzle. Much of the empirical work regarding the costs and benefits of multiple mating to females has, for obvious reasons, relied on species that are already highly polyandrous. However, this makes it difficult to separate the processes that maintain the current level of polyandry from the processes that facilitate its expression and i...